Latex 문법 정리


1. \documentclass[a]{b}

[a] ( = document class ) 의 예시 :

  • book, report, article, letter, slides

  • 반드시 \begin{document} ~ \end{document} 안에 내용 넣어줘야

{b} ( = document class 옵션 ) 의 예시 :

  • 폰트 크기 : 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
  • 페이퍼 크기 : letterpaper, a4paper
  • 2개의 칼럼 사용 : twocolumn
  • 양쪽 여백 : twoside
  • 기타 : landsacape, draft


2. 기본 규칙

  • multiple space : SINGLE space
  • empty line : a PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR
    • enter만으로 새로운 문단 되는거 아니다!
  • special character : “\”
    • “\” 자체를 쓰고 싶으면 : \textbackslash
  • commands : \command[optional parameter]{parameter}

  • comments : %

(1) 스페이스

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Hello World!
% Hello       World! (동일하다)
\end{document}

(2) 줄바꿈

  • 줄 바꿈 없음
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
ABC 
DEF
\end{document}
ABC DEF
  • 줄 바꿈 몇줄이든, 1줄
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
ABC 


DEF
\end{document}
ABC
DEF

(3) 특수문자

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\# \$ \% \^{a} \& \_ \{ \} \~{a} \textbackslash ~
\end{document}

(4) 주석

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
%this is comment
this is not comment
\textbackslash
\end{document}


(5) 문서 구조

  • \documentclass[…]{…}

    • [11pt, twoside, a4paper] : fontsize, papersize, format … (predefined in the class file)
    • {article} : ex) article, book, report, or a journal class file
  • \usepackage{…}

    • ex) amsmath, graphicx, hyperref, math-tax ….
  • \begin{document}

    • main text here

    \end{document}

  • Sections 틀
    • \part
    • \chapter
    • \appendix
    • \tableofcontents
  • Sections 작성
    • \section{}
      • \subsection{}
        • \subsubsection{}
    • \paragraph{}
  • 기타
    • \title{} , \author{} , \date{}
      • \maketitle 필수
    • \begin{abstract} ~ \end{abstract}


\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
%----------------------------------------------------%
\author{H.~Part1}
\title{Minimalism}
\maketitle
%----------------------------------------------------%
\begin{document}
%----------------------------------------------------%
\tableofcontents
%----------------------------------------------------%
\section{Sub title1}
Well, and here begins my lovely article

\subsection{Sub Sub title1}
11111

\subsection{Sub Sub title2}
11111

\section{Sub title2}
\ldots{} and here it ends

\section{Sub title3}
\ldots{} and here it ends
%----------------------------------------------------%
\end{document}

3. 추가 문법

(1) Qutation Mark ( 따옴표 )

  • 여 & 닫는 따옴표가 다르다
    • 여는 따옴표 : ``
    • 닫는 따옴표 : ‘’
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
``Please press `x' key. ''
\end{document}
“Please press ‘x’ key


(2) Space, Line Break, Upper Letter, URL

  • 스페이스바 vs ~ : ~ 를 사용함으로써, 앞에거를 하나의 단어로 만들어줌
    • Ex) Fig. 5 : 2개의 단어
    • Ex) Fig.~5 : 1개의 단어
  • “대”문자를 쓰고, 끝에 마침표를 넣을 경우 문장으로 인식을 안함.
    • ex) I really love IT!
    • ex) I really love IT\@!
\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}
indent due to first sentence\\
cf.Fig.~5\\
cf.~Fig.~5\\ % cf. Fig. 5는 줄바꿈되면서, 짤리면 안되므로!
cf. Fig.~5\\
I like BASIC. What about you? \\
I like BASIC\@. What about you?\\
\end{document}
	indent due to first sentence
cf.Fig. f.Fig. ㅊ5
cf. Fig. 5
cf. Fig. 5
I like BASIC. What about you?
I like BASIC. What about y


\usepackage{hyperref}
\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}
http://www.rich.edu/\~{}bush\\
\url{http://www.rich.edu/\~{}bush}
\end{document}


(3) 점 (…), 특별한 알파벳

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document} 
read\slash write \\
\ldots \\
H\^{o}tel, na\"\i ve, Stra\ss e \\
\end{document}
	read/write
. . .
Hˆotel, na ̈ıve, Straße


(4) 긴 대쉬

  • dash
  • underline
  • emphasize

Dash

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document} 
I like B-A-S-I-C\@. \\
I like B--A--S--I--C\@.\\
\underline{I like BASIC}. \\
\emph{I like BASIC}.
\end{document}
	for indent
I like B-A-S-I-C.
I like B–A–S–I–C.
I like BASIC.
I like BASIC.


4. Packages 사용

사용 방법 / 조건

  • 사용 방법 : \usepackage{패키지명}
  • 조건 : \begin{document} “전”에 사용할 것

예시

  • fullpage : 1인치 여백
  • anysize : \marginsize{l}-{r}-{t}-{b}
  • multicol : n개의 칼럼 사용 \begin{multicols}{n}
  • graphics :
    • ex) 이미지 보여주기 : includegraphics[width=x]{file}
  • url : \url{http://…}


5. 목록, 인용구, 코드

( 해당 리스트 안의 내용은 \item 붙여줘야! )

( \item[x] 를 사용하게 되면, 앞의 문자표는 1,2,3이나, . . . 등이 아닌, 무조건 x로 사용됨 )

  • \begin{enumerate} : 1,2,3. ..
  • \begin{itemize} : . . .
  • \begin{description}


(1) enumerate & itemize

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\begin{document}

\begin{enumerate}
\item A
\item B
\item C
\end{enumerate}

\begin{itemize}
\item a
\item[*] b
\item c
\end{itemize}

\end{document}
1. A
2. B
3. C
	• a
	* b
	• c


\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\begin{document}

\begin{enumerate}
	\item A
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Aa
		\item[*] Ab
		\item[-] Ac
	\end{itemize}
	\item C
\end{enumerate}

\end{document}
1. A
	• Aa
	* Ab
	- Ac
2. C


(2) description

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\begin{document}

\begin{description}
    \item[Word1] definition of word1
    \item[Word2] definition of word2
    \item[Word3] definition of word3
\end{description}

\end{document}


(3) 정렬

  • \begin{flushleft}
  • \begin{flushright}
  • \begin{center}


(4) 인용

  • \begin{quote} : 인용
  • \begin{quotation} : 인용 ( with 새 문단 indentation )
  • \begin{verse}

뒤에 반드시 \end{} 도 해줘야

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}

\begin{document}

%------------------------------------%
\begin{quote} % 문단 X
    This is quote. This is quote.This is quote.This is quote.This is quote.This is quote.This is quote.This is quote.
\end{quote}
\\
%------------------------------------%
\begin{quotation} % 문단 O
    This is quotation ( with indented paragraph ). This is quotation ( with indented paragraph ).This is quotation ( with indented paragraph ). This is quotation ( with indented paragraph )
\end{quotation}
\\
%------------------------------------%
\begin{verse} % 내여쓰기
    This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.
\end{verse}
%------------------------------------%

\end{document}
This is quote. This is quote.This is quote.This is quote.This is
quote.This is quote.This is quote.This is quote.

	This is quotation ( with indented paragraph ). This is quo-
tation ( with indented paragraph ).This is quotation ( with in-
dented paragraph ). This is quotation ( with indented paragraph
)

This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This
	is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This is verse.This
	is verse.This is verse.This is verse.


6. 그림 & 표

(1) 기본 소개

(용어) Floating Bodies = 그림 & 표


그림 : \begin{figure}[place specifier]

표 : \begin{table}[place specifier]

  • place specifier :
    • h : here
    • t : top
    • b : bottom
    • p : on a special page
    • ! : do it forcefully!


(2) 그림

반드시 아래의 패키지를 불러와야!

  • \usepackage{graphicx}


\includegraphics[key=value, …]{file-name}

  • [key=value, …]
    • width=0.48\textwidth ( 전체 페이지 width의 0.48배 만큼의 크기 )
  • {file-name}
    • ex) png, eps, png, jpeg 형식의 파일

\caption[short]{long}

\label{fig:label}


\begin{figure}[t] % top, here, bottom ....
%----------------------------------------------------%
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{fig1.png}
  \caption{your figure captionhere}
  \label{fig1}
%----------------------------------------------------%
\end{figure}

......

% \label{fig1} 의 활용
Figure-\ref{fig1} displays a figure of ...


(3) 표

\begin{tabular}[pos]{table spec}

  • [pos] : t, b, c
  • [table spec] l r c p{width}
    • l이 4개 : “왼쪽”정렬 칼럼 “4개”
    • : 칼럼 사이를 구분할 지 여부


자주 사용 기호 :

  • &, \\, \hline, \cline{i-j}
  • @{…} : 셀 내부 여백 없애주기 위해


예시 1)

\begin{table}[b]
  \begin{tabular}{|r|l|}
    \hline
    1 & A \\
    2 & B \\ \cline{2-2}
    3 & C \\
    \hline 
    \hline 
    \hline 
    \hline 
    1984 & decimal \\
    \hline
    \hline
  \end{tabular}
  \caption{This is a table}
\end{table}
  • 칼럼 2개
    • (1번 칼럼) Right 정렬
    • (2번 칼럼) Left 정렬
  • \hline 통해 수평선
  • \cline{2-2} 통해 2번째 열의 시작 ~2번째 열의 끝
    • cline = hline의 “부분” 버전


예시 2)

\begin{tabular}{|p{4.7cm}|}
  \hline
  Welcome \\
  \hline
\end{tabular}


예시 3)

\begin{tabular}{c r @{.} l} % 3개의 칼럼 
	Pi expression & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Value} \\ % 2개를 하나로 묶은 뒤 (c) 중앙정렬
	\hline
	\hline
	$\pi$ & 3 & 1416 \\ % 3 & 1416 두 개의 칼럼으로 "."으로 묶음
	$\pi^{\pi}$ & 36 & 46 \\
	$(\pi^{\pi})^{\pi}$ & 80662 & 7 \\
\end{tabular}


예시 4)

\begin{tabular}{|c|r|l|}
	\hline
	\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{ABC}\\
	\hline
	A & B & C \\
	\hline
\end{tabular}


예시 5)

\begin{tabular}{|c|r|l|}
	\hline
	\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{ab} & c \\
	\hline
	A & B & C \\
	\hline
\end{tabular}


7. 수식

  • (1) Inline : $ ~ $ ………. 글 & 글씨 함께

  • (2) Online : \begin{equation} ……… 글 & 글씨 따로

  • (3) Multiline : \begin{eqnarray} , \begin{align} …….. 글 & 글씨 따로 + 여러 줄

    ( * 를 붙으면, equation number (뒤에 붙는 숫자) 가 없음 )

    ( \nonumber ~ , 특정 줄에만 ~ 없음 )


기타

  • 분수 : \frac{}{}
  • 띄어쓰기 : \, \: , \u , \quad , \qquad , \!
  • \lim , \int , \sum
  • \hbar , \infty , \to , \in , \neq


(1) Inline& Online (equation)

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}
%---------------------------------------------%
\begin{equation}
	E = mc^2 \label{clever}
\end{equation}
%---------------------------------------------%
He didn't say
\begin{equation}
	1 + 1 = 3 \tag{dumb}
\end{equation}
%---------------------------------------------%
This is a reference to \eqref{clever}.
%---------------------------------------------%
\end{document}


예시 ) \begin{equation*} vs \begin{equation} : 뒤에 숫자 붙냐/안붙냐

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}
%---------------------------------------------%

\begin{equation*}
	\int_1^2 \ln x \mathrm{d}x
	\qquad
	\int_1^2 \ln x, \mathrm{d}x
\end{equation*}

\begin{equation}
	\int_1^2 \ln x \mathrm{d}x
	\qquad
	\int_1^2 \ln x, \mathrm{d}x
\end{equation}
%---------------------------------------------%
\end{document}


주의

  • <, > 대신, \langle, \rangle
  • <<, >> 대신, gg, ll
  • [], () 대신, \left( & \right) , \left[ & \right]


(2) (Multi-line) Equation

eqnarray

\begin{eqnarray}
	a & = & b + c \\
		& = & d + e + f + g \nonumber \\
		&& + \: h + i \\
		& = & j + k + l
\end{eqnarray}
\[\begin{eqnarray} a & = & b + c \\ & = & d + e + f + g \nonumber \\ && + \: h + i \\ & = & j + k + l \end{eqnarray}\]


\begin{eqnarray}
	a & = & a = a
\end{eqnarray}
\[\begin{eqnarray} a & = & a = a \end{eqnarray}\]


Array

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}
%---------------------------------------------%

\begin{equation*}
	\mathbf{X} = \left(
		\begin{array}{ccc}
			x_1 & x_2 & \ldots \\
			x_3 & x_4 & \ldots \\
			\vdots & \vdots & \ddots
		\end{array}
	\right)
\end{equation*}
%---------------------------------------------%
\end{document}

\(\begin{equation*} \mathbf{X} = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} x_1 & x_2 & \ldots \\ x_3 & x_4 & \ldots \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{array} \right) \end{equation*}\).


\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}
%---------------------------------------------%

\begin{equation*}
	\begin{bmatrix}
		p_{11} & p_{12} & \ldots & p_{1n} \\
		p_{21} & p_{22} & \ldots & p_{2n} \\
		\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
		p_{m1} & p_{m2} & \ldots & p_{mn}
	\end{bmatrix}
\end{equation*}
%---------------------------------------------%
\end{document}

\(\begin{equation*} \begin{bmatrix} p_{11} & p_{12} & \ldots & p_{1n} \\ p_{21} & p_{22} & \ldots & p_{2n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ p_{m1} & p_{m2} & \ldots & p_{mn} \end{bmatrix} \end{equation*}\).


(8) 조건식

\begin{equation*}
    |x| = \left\{
    	\begin{array}{rl}
    		-x & \text{if } x < 0,\\
    		0 & \text{if } x = 0,\\
    		x & \text{if } x > 0.
    	\end{array}
    \right.
\end{equation*}


\begin{equation*}
    |x| = \begin{cases}
    		-x & \text{if } x < 0,\\
    		0 & \text{if } x = 0,\\
    		x & \text{if } x > 0.
    	\end{cases}
\end{equation*}

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